Abstract
Evidence suggests that egg intake may be implicated in the aetiology of sex hormone-related cancers. However, dose–response relationships between egg intake and such cancers are unclear. Thus, we conducted a dose–response meta-analysis to summarise the dose–response relationships between egg consumption and the risk of breast, prostate and gynaecological cancers. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase up to April 2015 to identify relevant prospective observational studies. Summary relative risk (RR) and 95% CI were estimated using a random-effects model. For breast cancer, the linear dose–response meta-analysis found a non-significantly increased risk (RR for an increase of 5 eggs consumed/week: 1.05, 95% CI 0.99, 1.11, n 16023 cases). Evidence for non-linearity was not statistically significant (Pnon-linearity =0.50, n 15415 cases) but consuming ≥5 eggs/week was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer compared with no egg consumption, with the summary RR being 1·04 (95% CI 1.01, 1.07) for consuming 5 eggs/week and 1·09 (95% CI 1.03, 1.15) for consuming about 9 eggs/week. For other cancers investigated, the summary RR for an increase of 5 eggs consumed/week was 1·09 (95% CI 0.96, 1.24, n 2636 cases) for ovarian cancer; 1.47 (95% CI 1.01, 2.14, n 609 cases) for fatal prostate cancer, with evidence of small-study effects (PEgger =0.04). No evidence was found for an association with the risk of total prostate cancer. While our conclusion was tempered by the potential for publication bias and confounding, high egg intake may be associated with a modestly elevated risk of breast cancer, and a positive association between egg intake and ovarian and fatal prostate cancers cannot be ruled out.
《英国营养学杂志》(2015)，114，1099-1107
标题：鸡蛋的摄入与乳腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌：一项前瞻性观察研究的剂量反应荟萃分析
作者：N. keum【1，2】 *， D. H. Lee【1，2】, N. Marchand1, H. oh【1，2】, H. Liu【3】, D. aune【4，5】, D. C. Greenwood【6】，E. L. giovannucci1,【2，7】
1、美国波士顿哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院营养学系
2、美国波士顿哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院流行病学系
3、中国浙江大学流行病学与卫生统计学系
4、挪威特隆赫姆挪威科技大学医学院公共安全与综合医疗系
5、英国伦敦帝国理工学院流行病学与生物统计学系
6、英国利兹大学生物统计学系
7、美国马萨诸塞州波士顿布列根和妇女医院和哈佛医学院医学部钱宁网络医学系
摘要：
1、有证据表明，与性激素相关的癌症的病因可能牵涉到鸡蛋的摄入。然而，鸡蛋摄入量与此类癌症之间的剂量-反应关系尚不清楚。因此我们进行了剂量-反应荟萃分析，以总结鸡蛋消耗量与患乳腺癌、前列腺癌和妇科癌症风险之间的剂量-反应关系。
2、我们使用美国生物医学信息检索系统（PubMed）和荷兰医学文摘数据库（Embase）来检索截止到2015年4月的文献，以鉴定相关的前瞻性观察研究。我们使用随机效应模型估算总体相对风险度（RR）和95％置信区间（95％CI）。
3、对于乳腺癌，线性剂量反应荟萃分析发现风险没有显著增加（每周多食用5个鸡蛋的RR：1.05，95％CI 0.99，1.11，n 16023例） 。非线性的证据无统计学意义（P非线性＝0.50，n 15415例），但与没有吃鸡蛋相比，每周食用大于等于5个鸡蛋，患乳腺癌的风险显著增加。每周食用5个鸡蛋的RR是1.04（95％CI 1.01，1.07），每周食用9个鸡蛋的RR是1.09（95％CI 1.03，1.15）。
4、对于其他癌症的研究，通过小规模研究的结果表明(P Egger＝0.04)，每周多吃5个鸡蛋，卵巢癌的总体RR为1.09（95％CI 0.96，1.24，n 2636例）；致命性前列腺癌的总体RR是1.47（95％CI 1.01，2.14，n 609例）。没有发现与总前列腺癌风险相关的证据。
5、虽然我们的结论会被潜在的偏差和混淆所影响，但较高的鸡蛋摄入量可能与患乳腺癌风险的略加升高有关，而且不能排除鸡蛋摄入量与患卵巢癌和致命性前列腺癌之间呈正相关。
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